林千里 张文俊 汪汇 江华

    [摘要] 皮肤黑色素瘤是一种致命性的皮肤恶性肿瘤。在过去的二十多年里，皮肤黑色素瘤的患病率处于明显的上升趋势。皮肤黑色素瘤已成为严重的公共卫生问题，引起了社会的广泛关注。本文就近年来皮肤黑色素瘤的流行病学和防治进行综述。本综述的目的在于通过介绍皮肤黑色素瘤相关内容，帮助临床医生更好地了解该疾病的现状。

    [关键词] 皮肤癌;黑色素瘤;流行病学;预防;诊断;治疗

    [中图分类号] R739.5? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)01(c)-0028-05

    [Abstract] Melanoma is one of the deadliest types of skin cancer. Over the past two decades， the prevalence rate of melanoma of skin was on the rise. Melanoma of the skin as a clinical problem has become a serious public health issue and has drawn much attention. This review discusses the epidemiology of melanoma of the skin， as well as the treatment and prevention of the condition. The purpose of this review is to present an introduction to the subject， and to be assisted in better understanding for clinicians.

    [Key words] Skin cancer; Melanoma; Epidemiology; Prevention; Diagnosis; Therapy

    皮肤是人体最大的器官，具有重要的生理作用，如防热、防日光、防损伤、防感染等，同时帮助调节体温、储存水分和脂肪[1]。当长时间暴露于日光环境中时，皮肤会发生癌变。在美国，皮肤癌是最常见的癌症类型[2]。其中，基底细胞皮肤癌和鳞状细胞皮肤癌在皮肤癌中最为常见[3]。皮肤黑色素瘤只占皮肤癌总体的2%，但是由于其恶性程度高，侵袭性强，是死亡率最高的皮肤癌类型[1，4]。尽管医疗技术的不断进步革新在一定程度上延长了患者生存期 ......