吴征元 杜佳溪 刘尧

    [摘要] 术后恶心呕吐(PONV)是围麻醉期最常见的影响患者恢复质量的并发症。因此，了解PONV的风险因素并采取有效的防治措施具有重要的临床意义。本文综合了近年来国内外PONV的相关研究，全面系统地介绍PONV的影响因素、评分系统及防治措施。通过对相关风险因素的分析，在围麻醉期积极进行联合干预，降低PONV的发生率，减少患者痛苦，提高患者的满意度。

    [关键词] 术后恶心呕吐；风险因素；风险评估；预防

    [中图分类号] R614 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2019)04(c)-0038-04

    Risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting and progress in prevention and treatment

    WU Zhengyuan1 DU Jiaxi1 LIU Yao1 SHEN Wen2▲

    1.Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology， Xuzhou Medical University， Jiangsu Province， Xuzhou 221004， China； 2.Department of Pain， Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University， Jiangsu Province， Xuzhou 221002， China

    [Abstract] Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are among the most frequent complications affecting the recovery of patients during anesthesia period. It is of great significance to recognize the risk factors of PONV and take effective prevention and treatment measures in clinic. This review summarizes native and foreign thinking and researches of PONV currently， and formulates the influence factors of PONV， different scoring systems and prevention measures. Perioperative risk factors should be analysed ......