李彦泽 王磊 陈志远

    [摘要] 膀胱癌作为泌尿系统常见肿瘤，目前常见的治疗方法包括手术治疗和化疗，然而对于晚期膀胱癌患者的疗效仍不尽如人意。近年来，随着以程序性细胞死亡分子1(PD-1)/程序性细胞死亡分子配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂等免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的免疫治疗的出现，使晚期膀胱癌的治疗出现了新的希望。PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂可以阻断PD-1/PD-L1结合，从而阻断负性免疫调节信号，进而提高抗肿瘤免疫活性。本文将通过分析临床试验研究的数据和结果对PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在晚期膀胱癌治疗中的作用机制、现况及不良反应等进行综述，为晚期膀胱癌患者的临床治疗提供帮助。

    [关键词] 晚期膀胱癌;程序性细胞死亡分子1/程序性细胞死亡分子配体1抑制剂;免疫检查点抑制剂;免疫治疗

    [中图分类号] R737.14? ? ? ? ? [文献标识码] A? ? ? ? ? [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)02(a)-0040-05

    [Abstract] Bladder cancer is a common cancer in the urinary system. The current common treatments include surgery and chemotherapy. However， the efficacy of patients with advanced bladder cancer is still unsatisfactory. In recent years， with the advent of immunotherapy represented by immunological checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligation 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors， new treatments for advanced bladder cancer have emerged. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors block PD-1/PD-L1 binding， thereby blocking negative immune regulatory signals ......