消化内镜在腹型过敏性紫癜早期诊断中的应用
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[摘要]目的 探讨腹型过敏性紫癜早期的消化内镜特点,为早期诊断和治疗提供依据。方法 回顾性分析我院收治的29例腹型过敏性紫癜患者的消化内镜检查结果。结果 29例腹型过敏性紫癜患者有不同程度的腹部绞痛、恶心、呕吐和便血症状。消化内镜下表现为胃肠道黏膜大小不一的出血点、红斑、糜烂和溃疡,以十二指肠黏膜和回肠末端病变最严重。胃肠道黏膜组织病理检查可见黏膜及黏膜下层淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润。所有患者的消化内镜表现与临床病理表现和消化道症状的严重程度相一致。结论 消化内镜检查对腹型过敏性紫癜的早期诊断有一定的帮助,从而有利于及时给予正确治疗,以免延误病情或发生严重的并发症。
[关键词] 内镜;腹型过敏性紫癜;胃肠道
[中图分类号] R554.6 [文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)21-105-02
Digestive Endoscopy of Abdominal Allergic Purpura in Early Diagnosis Application
ZHAO Shaowei HU Yajun
Digesting Internal Medicine Department, Lanxi City TCM Hospital,Lanxi 321100,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the endoscopic characteristics of early abdominal type Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) and get the evidences for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis of endoscopic characteristics in 29 patients diagnosised as abdominal type HSP. Results Twenty-nine patients had different degrees of abdominal cramps,nausea,vomiting and hematochezia. Endoscopy demonstrated different sizes of hemorrhage spots,erythema,erosiye and ulcers in gastrointestinal mucosa. The endoscopy show that the most serious position involved were the duodenhm and the small intestive.Histopathologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract showed massive nuttrephilic infiltration in mucose and submucosa.There was prominent accordance in the extents of endoscopic and pathologic manifestation with the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms.Conclusion The typical features of the endoscopic findings are very helpful to the early diagnosis of abdominal type HSP and are conducive to giving timely and proper treatment, so as not to delay treatment or the occurrence of serious complications.
[Key words] Endoscope;Abdominal type HSP;Gastrointestinal tract
过敏性紫癜是一种较常见的微血管变态反应性出血性疾病,儿童及青少年多见,临床上可见到单纯型、腹型、关节型、肾型以及混合型五种[1],其中腹型过敏性紫癜较少见,因消化道黏膜及腹膜脏层毛细血管受累,而以腹痛、恶心、呕吐、呕血和便血等为主要临床表现,其腹痛发作时可因腹肌紧张以及明显压痛、肠鸣音亢进而被误诊为外科急腹症[2]。消化内镜因其真实可靠、图像清晰、可重复等优势逐渐成为诊断腹型过敏性紫癜较为理想的手段[3]。本文现回顾性分析我院近年来29例腹型过敏性紫癜的早期消化内镜表现,以为其早期诊疗提供依据。
1资料与方法
1.1临床资料
2008年1月~2010年12月我院收治29例腹型过敏性紫癜患者,男11例,女18例,年龄为13~50岁,平均25.9岁。其中9例患者发病前进食海鲜,6例患者发病前1~3周有上呼吸道感染,3例有药物过敏,11例患者无明显诱因。16例皮肤紫癜后出现腹痛症状,13例以腹痛为首发症状而起病。发病后29例患者均有腹痛,其中脐周痛者14例,中上腹痛者5例,下腹痛者7例,全腹痛者3例,性质多为持续性、阵发性绞痛或钝痛;伴恶心、呕吐者21例,伴暗红色血便者2例,黑便者5例,无黑便但潜血阳性者7例。26例患者腹痛部位有局限性压痛,腹部柔软,无肌紧张和反跳痛,3例患者腹部有轻度的肌紧张。29例患者于腹痛发生后1周左右出现双下肢对称性点状出血,尤以小腿和踝部为严重 ......
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