ICU重度颅脑损伤的致命因素分析(1)
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[摘要]目的 观察分析重症监护病房(ICU)重度颅脑损伤的致命因素,为更好治疗疾病提供参考。方法 对172例重症颅脑损伤的致命因素进行回顾性分析,了解其致命因素特点,从而寻找防治措施。结果 172例中死亡80例(46.5%)。其中致命因素尿崩21.2%(17/80),脑疝42.5%(34/80),应激性溃疡15%(12/80),肺部感染6.3%(5/80),放弃治疗15%(12/80)。将致命因素按入ICU时间(≤21d、>21d)分两组(除应激性溃疡及放弃治疗两个因素外),将其两两比较差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 ICU重度颅脑损伤致命因素与脑原发病损伤程度密切相关,其预后差、生存率低。
[关键词]重度颅脑损伤;致命因素;应激性溃疡;肺部感染
[中图分类号] R651.1 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2011)31-144-02
Analysis of the Lethal Factors for ICU Patients with Severe Brain Injury
YANG Hongyu FENG Xinghuo GUO Lina
Department of ICU of the People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigative the fatal factors for intensive care unit(ICU) patients with severe brain injury and provide many references for treating all kinds of diseases well. Methods To take a retrospective analysis on 172 cases of the fatal factors with severe brain injury, understanding those characteristics to found some measures with preventing and treatment. Results All 80 cases(46.5%) was dead in totally 172 cases. Among them,diabetes insipidus 21.2%(17/80),Cerebral hemia 42.5%(34/80),stress ulcer 15%(12/80),pulmonary infection 6.3%(5/80),refuse treatment 15%(12/80). According the patient into ICU time(≤21d,>21d) make the fatal factors divided into two groups(except the two factors:stress ulcer and refuse treatment). The expression of the two group showed the significant difference between them(P<0.01). Conclusion The fatal factor of severe brain injury in ICU is closely related to the strength of brain damage with original disease,poor prognosis and a low living rate.
[Key words] Severe brain injury;Fatal factor;Stress ulcer;Pulmonary infections
导致重度颅脑损伤预后不良因素很多,不论是开放性还是闭合性损伤,其疾病在救治过程中引起的有创性和无创性感染都极大增加疾病的危险因素和病死率,如颅脑手术的开放性损伤、呼吸机相关性肺炎、导管相关性感染、院内获得性感染等。且因病情重、变化快、恢复时间漫长、治疗费用昂贵,常常放弃积极而有效的治疗,进一步降低了患者的生存率。目前国内外对颅脑损伤合并肺部感染研究较多,而对其导致的致命因素报道尚少,且其致命因素是颅脑损伤治疗的关键。本研究我院重症监护病房(ICU)收治的172例(2006年7月~2009年12月)重度颅脑损伤致命因素进行回顾性分析并报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
重度颅脑损伤患者172例,其中死亡80例(脑疝34例、尿崩17例、应激性溃疡12例、肺部感染5例、放弃治疗12例),男47例,女33例,平均年龄58.5岁。入ICU时GCS评分为3~8分,平均5.1分。80例死亡患者中均行锁骨下静脉穿刺、留置胃管、留置尿管,气管插管61例,气管切开67例,呼吸机通气 80例,高血压病史26例,冠心病史67例,糖尿病史22例,心衰病史9例。
1.2 诊断标准
80例死亡患者中,以下四种致命因素,若每种符合以下3项者均可诊断。(1)尿崩症[1]:①颅脑损伤、昏迷;②尿量≥250mL/h,连续3个小时以上;③尿比重低,在1.001~1.005之间;④停用脱水剂无效。(2)脑疝[2]:①双侧瞳孔不等大;②与病情不符的心率下降或增快;③脑CT示:脑中线移位 ......
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