茹清静教授治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病临床经验(1)
[摘要] 通过整理茹清静教授对非酒精性脂肪肝病的病机、病理演变特点的认识及遣方用药等方面,探讨茹教授的学术思想及诊治经验。茹教授提出,非酒精性脂肪肝证候多属本虚标实,病位虽在肝,却与脾胃密切相关,治疗时当以健脾运脾,疏理肝气为大法,辅以利湿、化痰、活血等治法祛已成之邪,以求标本兼治。
[关键词] 非酒精性脂肪肝;茹清静;中医药;临床经验
[中图分类号] R259 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)10-0139-04
Clinical experience of professor Ru Qingjing in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LV Zhaoyi1,2 ZHANG Yueping2 RU Qingjing2
1.The Second Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China; 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310005, China
[Abstract] We discussed the academic thoughts and treatment experience of Professor Ru Qingjing, through the study of his understanding of pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pathological evolution, and the prescription use. Professor Ru put forward that non-alcoholic fatty liver syndrome is mostly asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality. Although the disease is located in the liver, it is closely related to the spleen and stomach. The major method of treatment should be tonifying and activating spleen, liver-qi regulation, supplemented by removing dampness, reducing phlegm and invigorating the circulation of blood, in order to treat both manifestation and root cause of disease.
[Key words] Non-alcoholic fatty liver; Ru Qingjing; Traditional Chinese medicine; Clinical experience
非酒精性脂肪肝病(non-alcoholic fatter liver disease,NAFLD)是一种除外酒精及其他明确的肝损害因素所致,以脂肪在肝细胞异位沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征,疾病谱包括非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,及其相关的脂肪性肝纤维化、肝硬化及肝细胞癌[1]。NAFLD无对应的中医专属病名,但根据其临床表现可归为“胁痛”、“肝癖”、“积聚”、“肥气”等范畴[2],其病因主要是过食肥甘厚味和缺乏运动锻炼[3]。21世纪随着人们生活水平提高和生活方式改变,NAFLD已成为全球重要的公共健康问题,且发病年龄呈低龄化趋势。
茹教授系国家级名老中医学术继承人,首批浙江省省级青年名中医,从事肝病及脾胃病临床研究近30载,在诊治非酒精性脂肪肝病方面积累了丰富的临床经验,余有幸随师侍诊,受益匪浅,现将其治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病的学术思想和临床经验总结如下。
1 病因病机
中医认为脂肪即膏脂,为水谷入胃受中焦脾胃之气所化生而成,是人体的营养物质,其正常代谢有赖于中焦脾胃的健运,在其他脏腑共同作用下输布充养周身。如《素问·经脉别论》指出:“食气入胃,散精于肝,淫气于筋,食气入胃,浊气归心,淫精于脉,脉气流经,经气归于肺,肺朝百脉,输精于皮毛”。无论是先天禀赋不足,脾胃素虚,难化水谷,体内易生痰湿,像《石室秘录》中记载:“肥人多痰,乃气虚也,虚则气不能化,故痰生之”,抑或是后天失养,恣食肥甘厚腻之品,劳逸失常等原因致脾失健运,清气不升,浊阴难降,水谷精微不化,均会导致膏脂的代谢失常,加之情志不遂,肝气郁滞,遂木乘脾土,致使痰湿、膏脂聚于肝脉,从而酿生脂肪肝。即NAFLD病位虽在肝,脾虚才是发病的根本原因,如《景岳全书》中所言:“以饮食劳倦而致胁痛者,此脾胃之所传也。”随着疾病发展,脾气越虚,肝郁越甚,气血运行不畅,则致气滞血瘀,痰瘀互结,病势缠绵难愈。据此茹教授提出NAFLD治疗上应重视健运脾胃,疏理肝气以治本虚,辅以利湿、化痰、活血以治标实。
2 治则治法
2.1健脾運脾
《金匮要略》开篇即云:“见肝之病,知肝传脾,当先实脾”。又如张锡纯在《医学衷中参西录》中所主张:“欲治肝病,原当升降脾胃,培养中宫,俾中宫气化敦厚以听肝木自理。”均证实了NAFLD治疗过程中必须重视健运脾胃这一环节。脾为后天之本,气血生化之源,主运化,脾气健运则气血生化有源,肝体得以充养,痰湿膏脂得以运化。茹教授临证多以四君子汤为基础方实脾气,作为健脾益气第一方,方中人参为君,甘温益气,健脾养胃;臣以苦温白术,健脾燥湿,加强益气助运之力;佐以甘淡茯苓,健脾渗湿,苓术相配,则健脾祛湿之功益著;使以炙甘草,益气和中,调和诸药。四药配伍,共奏益气健脾之功。研究表明四君子汤具有调节胃肠功能及调节机体免疫等药理作用[4],还能够有效促进非酒精性脂肪肝细胞的增殖并抑制其凋亡[5]。根据患者证候特点的差异,还可化裁为香砂六君子汤、参苓白术散等,近年研究表明香砂六君子汤和参苓白术散能够降血脂、改善肝功能,治疗NAFLD可取得较好的临床疗效[6-8]。茹教授还认为治脾在运不在补,由于脂浊困遏脾气,致脾阳不振,还应用藿香、佩兰、砂仁、苍术、石菖蒲等芳香开窍之味燥湿醒脾,振奋脾阳,待脾胃健运有权,土旺则肝木不能克,正如《景岳全书》中所说:“肝邪之见,本由脾胃之虚,使脾胃不虚,则肝木虽强,必无乘脾之患”。, 百拇医药(吕兆镒 张月平 茹清静)
[关键词] 非酒精性脂肪肝;茹清静;中医药;临床经验
[中图分类号] R259 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)10-0139-04
Clinical experience of professor Ru Qingjing in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
LV Zhaoyi1,2 ZHANG Yueping2 RU Qingjing2
1.The Second Clinical Medicine College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310053, China; 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou 310005, China
[Abstract] We discussed the academic thoughts and treatment experience of Professor Ru Qingjing, through the study of his understanding of pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and pathological evolution, and the prescription use. Professor Ru put forward that non-alcoholic fatty liver syndrome is mostly asthenia in origin and sthenia in superficiality. Although the disease is located in the liver, it is closely related to the spleen and stomach. The major method of treatment should be tonifying and activating spleen, liver-qi regulation, supplemented by removing dampness, reducing phlegm and invigorating the circulation of blood, in order to treat both manifestation and root cause of disease.
[Key words] Non-alcoholic fatty liver; Ru Qingjing; Traditional Chinese medicine; Clinical experience
非酒精性脂肪肝病(non-alcoholic fatter liver disease,NAFLD)是一种除外酒精及其他明确的肝损害因素所致,以脂肪在肝细胞异位沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征,疾病谱包括非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,及其相关的脂肪性肝纤维化、肝硬化及肝细胞癌[1]。NAFLD无对应的中医专属病名,但根据其临床表现可归为“胁痛”、“肝癖”、“积聚”、“肥气”等范畴[2],其病因主要是过食肥甘厚味和缺乏运动锻炼[3]。21世纪随着人们生活水平提高和生活方式改变,NAFLD已成为全球重要的公共健康问题,且发病年龄呈低龄化趋势。
茹教授系国家级名老中医学术继承人,首批浙江省省级青年名中医,从事肝病及脾胃病临床研究近30载,在诊治非酒精性脂肪肝病方面积累了丰富的临床经验,余有幸随师侍诊,受益匪浅,现将其治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病的学术思想和临床经验总结如下。
1 病因病机
中医认为脂肪即膏脂,为水谷入胃受中焦脾胃之气所化生而成,是人体的营养物质,其正常代谢有赖于中焦脾胃的健运,在其他脏腑共同作用下输布充养周身。如《素问·经脉别论》指出:“食气入胃,散精于肝,淫气于筋,食气入胃,浊气归心,淫精于脉,脉气流经,经气归于肺,肺朝百脉,输精于皮毛”。无论是先天禀赋不足,脾胃素虚,难化水谷,体内易生痰湿,像《石室秘录》中记载:“肥人多痰,乃气虚也,虚则气不能化,故痰生之”,抑或是后天失养,恣食肥甘厚腻之品,劳逸失常等原因致脾失健运,清气不升,浊阴难降,水谷精微不化,均会导致膏脂的代谢失常,加之情志不遂,肝气郁滞,遂木乘脾土,致使痰湿、膏脂聚于肝脉,从而酿生脂肪肝。即NAFLD病位虽在肝,脾虚才是发病的根本原因,如《景岳全书》中所言:“以饮食劳倦而致胁痛者,此脾胃之所传也。”随着疾病发展,脾气越虚,肝郁越甚,气血运行不畅,则致气滞血瘀,痰瘀互结,病势缠绵难愈。据此茹教授提出NAFLD治疗上应重视健运脾胃,疏理肝气以治本虚,辅以利湿、化痰、活血以治标实。
2 治则治法
2.1健脾運脾
《金匮要略》开篇即云:“见肝之病,知肝传脾,当先实脾”。又如张锡纯在《医学衷中参西录》中所主张:“欲治肝病,原当升降脾胃,培养中宫,俾中宫气化敦厚以听肝木自理。”均证实了NAFLD治疗过程中必须重视健运脾胃这一环节。脾为后天之本,气血生化之源,主运化,脾气健运则气血生化有源,肝体得以充养,痰湿膏脂得以运化。茹教授临证多以四君子汤为基础方实脾气,作为健脾益气第一方,方中人参为君,甘温益气,健脾养胃;臣以苦温白术,健脾燥湿,加强益气助运之力;佐以甘淡茯苓,健脾渗湿,苓术相配,则健脾祛湿之功益著;使以炙甘草,益气和中,调和诸药。四药配伍,共奏益气健脾之功。研究表明四君子汤具有调节胃肠功能及调节机体免疫等药理作用[4],还能够有效促进非酒精性脂肪肝细胞的增殖并抑制其凋亡[5]。根据患者证候特点的差异,还可化裁为香砂六君子汤、参苓白术散等,近年研究表明香砂六君子汤和参苓白术散能够降血脂、改善肝功能,治疗NAFLD可取得较好的临床疗效[6-8]。茹教授还认为治脾在运不在补,由于脂浊困遏脾气,致脾阳不振,还应用藿香、佩兰、砂仁、苍术、石菖蒲等芳香开窍之味燥湿醒脾,振奋脾阳,待脾胃健运有权,土旺则肝木不能克,正如《景岳全书》中所说:“肝邪之见,本由脾胃之虚,使脾胃不虚,则肝木虽强,必无乘脾之患”。, 百拇医药(吕兆镒 张月平 茹清静)