作者简介：刘佳丽(1989—)，女，内蒙古呼和浩特人，本科，工程师。研究方向：食品检验检测技术。

    摘 要：食品微生物检测是确保食品安全和公共健康的重要环节。分子生物学技术凭借其高灵敏度、高特异性和快速检测的优势，逐渐成为食品微生物检测领域的主流技术。本文概述了分子生物学技术的基本概念及其在微生物检测中的优势及常见的检测技术，探讨了这些技术在食品病原菌检测、食品腐败菌检测、食品中益生菌的检测与监控以及微生物群落分析中的具体应用，为食品行业的可持续发展提供了技术保障。

    关键词：分子生物学；食品；微生物检测

    Research on Food Microbial Detection Based on Molecular Biology Technology

    LIU Jiali1， XU Peng2， LU Lihua1， WANG Haiyu1， SANG Shuang1

    (1.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Product Quality Inspection and Research Institute， Hohhot 010010， China; 2.Inner Mongolia Jiaran Technology Co.， Ltd.， Hohhot 010010， China)

    Abstract： Food microbiological testing is an important step in ensuring food safety and public health. Molecular biology technology， with its advantages of high sensitivity， specificity， and rapid detection， has gradually become the mainstream technology in the field of food microbiology detection. This article outlines the basic concepts of molecular biology technology， its advantages in microbial detection， and common detection techniques. It explores the specific applications of these technologies in food pathogen detection ......