摘 要：酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay，ELISA)以其高特异性、高灵敏度等优势，在食品重金属残留检测领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文综述了ELISA检测水产品中汞、谷物中镉、蔬菜中铅、奶制品中铬和食用油中砷的研究进展，重点阐述了抗原设计、抗体制备、样品前处理和检测条件优化等关键技术。针对不同食品基质，提出了进一步提升ELISA检测性能的建议，为食源性重金属分析提供参考。

    关键词：酶联免疫吸附法；重金属；食品安全

    Abstract： Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has shown broad application prospects in the field of heavy metal residue detection in food due to its advantages of high specificity and sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress on ELISA detection of mercury in aquatic products， cadmium in grains， lead in vegetables， chromium in dairy products， and arsenic in edible oils， and focuses on key technologies such as antigen design， antibody preparation， sample pretreatment， and optimization of detection conditions. Suggestions have been put forward to further improve the performance of ELISA detection for different food matrices， providing reference for foodborne heavy metal analysis.

    Keywords： enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; heavy metals; food safety

    重金属作为一类有毒有害物质，在食品中的残留问题日益受到人们的关注[1]。酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ......