摘 要：本研究系统分析了食品中农兽药残留快速检测技术的关键要素及其应用。结果表明，样品前处理技术、检测灵敏度与特异性设计、数据处理与质量控制是影响检测结果的关键要素。免疫学方法、色谱与质谱联用技术、光谱分析方法以及生物传感器技术等快速检测技术在灵敏度、特异性及适用场景等方面各具优势。尽管快速检测技术为食品安全监测提供了有效手段，但在多残留同步检测、复杂基质干扰消除、现场实时检测等方面仍需进一步优化，以提高方法的适用性和可靠性。

    关键词：食品安全；农兽药残留；快速检测技术

    Abstract： This study systematically analyzed the key elements and applications of rapid detection technology for agricultural and veterinary drug residues in food. The results indicate that sample pretreatment techniques， design of detection sensitivity and specificity， data processing， and quality control are key factors affecting the detection results. Immunological methods， chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques， spectroscopic analysis methods， and biosensor technologies have their own advantages in sensitivity， specificity， and applicable scenarios for rapid detection. Although rapid detection technology provides effective means for food safety monitoring， further optimization is still needed in areas such as synchronous detection of multiple residues， elimination of complex matrix interference ......