基于痰瘀伏邪理论探讨冠心病的防治(1)
〔摘要〕 冠心病归属于中医学“胸痹”“心痛”等范畴,寒邪内侵、饮食不节、情志失调等均可导致痰瘀互结,痹阻心脉,发为冠心病。本文论述了伏邪理论的源流,通过伏痰、伏瘀与冠心病的相关性研究,提出了伏痰、伏瘀阻于心络是冠心病发生的主要病机。因此,在邪气伏而未发的未病阶段应积极通过调理饮食,调畅情志,提高人体正气,早期筛查预防冠心病的发生;在邪气伏而已发的已病阶段应根据伏痰、伏瘀的临床表现进行辨证论治;在邪气伏藏的“瘥”后阶段应继续调理脏腑,杜绝伏痰、伏瘀的产生。
〔关键词〕 冠心病;伏痰;伏瘀;未病先防;既病防变;瘥后防复
〔中图分类号〕R259 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2018.08.011
〔Abstract〕 Coronary heart disease belongs to the category of "chest stuffiness","precordial pain", and so on. Cold pathogen invasion, improper diet, emotional disorders, and other causes could lead to intermingled phlegm and blood stasis and blockage of heart vessels, resulting incoronary heart disease. This paper discusses the origin of the theory of "latentpathogen" and proposes that latent phlegm and latent blood stasis in the cardiac collaterals are the main pathogenesis of coronary heart disease based on the review of studies on the association of coronary heart disease with latent phlegm and latent blood stasis. Therefore, coronary heart disease should be actively prevented in the undeveloped stage with phlegm stasis and latent pathogen. Treatments should be based on the clinical manifestations of latent phlegm and latent blood stasis in the diseased stage with latent pathogen. In the stage of "recovery" with latent pathogen, we should continue to regulate the viscera and bowels and to prevent the generation of latent phlegm and latent blood stasis.
〔Keywords〕 coronary heart disease; latent phlegm; latent blood stasis; prevention before disease onset; preventing disease from exacerbating; prevention of recurrence after disease
冠心病目前為全球死亡的首位原因,患病率逐渐上升,且呈年轻化趋势,严重威胁着人类健康[1]。冠心病归属于中医学“胸痹”“心痛”等范畴,本病的中医基本病机为痰瘀互结,痹阻心脉,临床表现为本虚标实,虚实夹杂之证[2-4]。痰瘀在体内的形成是一个漫长的过程,它伏于体内,日久痹阻心脉,可导致冠心病反复发作,缠绵难愈。笔者在跟随导师黎鹏程门诊的临床实践中,发现诊治冠心病从中医痰瘀着手疗效确切[5],故本文将从痰瘀伏邪角度分析,探讨痰瘀伏邪与冠心病的关系,并运用痰瘀伏邪理论指导冠心病的临床防治。
1 伏邪理论源流
伏邪,《中医大辞典》[6]将其描述为藏伏于体内而不立即发病的病邪。伏邪有广义和狭义之分:广义伏邪即指一切伏而不即发的邪气,包括瘀血、痰浊、水饮、内毒、外感六淫、七情内伤、饮食失宜以及先天遗传等藏匿于体内的邪气;狭义伏邪是指“冬伤于寒,春必温病”[7]。
伏邪理论肇始于《黄帝内经》“藏于精者,春不病温”,与“冬伤于寒,春必温病”的论述为伏邪理论发展奠定了基础。东汉张仲景在《伤寒论·平脉法》[8]中不仅首创“伏气”之名,并重视伏气为病的脉诊。到晋代王叔和的《伤寒论·伤寒例》[9]提出了以伏寒化温为基础的“伏气温病”理论,至此后世均以“伏寒化温”理论诠释温病病机,使伏邪理论得到初步发展。隋代巢元方进一步认识到温病的发生不仅仅只局限于“伏寒化温”,他在《诸病源候论·温病发斑候》[10]中指出亦有冬感温邪逾时而发的“伏温化温”,促进了温病病因学的发展。唐代王焘在《外台秘要·温病论病源》中亦指出了冬感温暖之气可伏而后发[11]。元代王履在《医经溯洄集·伤寒温病热病说》[12]中对里热外发的伏气温病进行了系统分析,并提出了清里热,兼解表的治法,使伏气温病的治疗增加了新的方法。此时伏邪理论在病因及治法方面有了进一步的发展。
至明清时期,伏邪学说日趋成熟。伏邪之名最早见于明末吴又可的《温疫论》[13],书中提出:“凡邪所客,有行邪有伏邪,故治法有难有易,取效有迟有速。”清代刘吉人《伏邪新书》[14]将所伏之“邪”由“伏寒”扩大为“六淫伏邪”。清代王燕昌《王氏医存》[15]曰:“伏匿诸病,六淫、诸郁、饮食、瘀血、结痰、积气、蓄水、诸虫皆有之。”从而进一步拓展了伏邪概念的内涵。同时清代出现了论述伏邪的专著《温热逢源》,详细论述了伏气温病的病因病机及辨证论治的诸多问题,加深了对伏邪的阐述。, http://www.100md.com(胡秀清 黎鹏程 邓媛妮)
〔关键词〕 冠心病;伏痰;伏瘀;未病先防;既病防变;瘥后防复
〔中图分类号〕R259 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2018.08.011
〔Abstract〕 Coronary heart disease belongs to the category of "chest stuffiness","precordial pain", and so on. Cold pathogen invasion, improper diet, emotional disorders, and other causes could lead to intermingled phlegm and blood stasis and blockage of heart vessels, resulting incoronary heart disease. This paper discusses the origin of the theory of "latentpathogen" and proposes that latent phlegm and latent blood stasis in the cardiac collaterals are the main pathogenesis of coronary heart disease based on the review of studies on the association of coronary heart disease with latent phlegm and latent blood stasis. Therefore, coronary heart disease should be actively prevented in the undeveloped stage with phlegm stasis and latent pathogen. Treatments should be based on the clinical manifestations of latent phlegm and latent blood stasis in the diseased stage with latent pathogen. In the stage of "recovery" with latent pathogen, we should continue to regulate the viscera and bowels and to prevent the generation of latent phlegm and latent blood stasis.
〔Keywords〕 coronary heart disease; latent phlegm; latent blood stasis; prevention before disease onset; preventing disease from exacerbating; prevention of recurrence after disease
冠心病目前為全球死亡的首位原因,患病率逐渐上升,且呈年轻化趋势,严重威胁着人类健康[1]。冠心病归属于中医学“胸痹”“心痛”等范畴,本病的中医基本病机为痰瘀互结,痹阻心脉,临床表现为本虚标实,虚实夹杂之证[2-4]。痰瘀在体内的形成是一个漫长的过程,它伏于体内,日久痹阻心脉,可导致冠心病反复发作,缠绵难愈。笔者在跟随导师黎鹏程门诊的临床实践中,发现诊治冠心病从中医痰瘀着手疗效确切[5],故本文将从痰瘀伏邪角度分析,探讨痰瘀伏邪与冠心病的关系,并运用痰瘀伏邪理论指导冠心病的临床防治。
1 伏邪理论源流
伏邪,《中医大辞典》[6]将其描述为藏伏于体内而不立即发病的病邪。伏邪有广义和狭义之分:广义伏邪即指一切伏而不即发的邪气,包括瘀血、痰浊、水饮、内毒、外感六淫、七情内伤、饮食失宜以及先天遗传等藏匿于体内的邪气;狭义伏邪是指“冬伤于寒,春必温病”[7]。
伏邪理论肇始于《黄帝内经》“藏于精者,春不病温”,与“冬伤于寒,春必温病”的论述为伏邪理论发展奠定了基础。东汉张仲景在《伤寒论·平脉法》[8]中不仅首创“伏气”之名,并重视伏气为病的脉诊。到晋代王叔和的《伤寒论·伤寒例》[9]提出了以伏寒化温为基础的“伏气温病”理论,至此后世均以“伏寒化温”理论诠释温病病机,使伏邪理论得到初步发展。隋代巢元方进一步认识到温病的发生不仅仅只局限于“伏寒化温”,他在《诸病源候论·温病发斑候》[10]中指出亦有冬感温邪逾时而发的“伏温化温”,促进了温病病因学的发展。唐代王焘在《外台秘要·温病论病源》中亦指出了冬感温暖之气可伏而后发[11]。元代王履在《医经溯洄集·伤寒温病热病说》[12]中对里热外发的伏气温病进行了系统分析,并提出了清里热,兼解表的治法,使伏气温病的治疗增加了新的方法。此时伏邪理论在病因及治法方面有了进一步的发展。
至明清时期,伏邪学说日趋成熟。伏邪之名最早见于明末吴又可的《温疫论》[13],书中提出:“凡邪所客,有行邪有伏邪,故治法有难有易,取效有迟有速。”清代刘吉人《伏邪新书》[14]将所伏之“邪”由“伏寒”扩大为“六淫伏邪”。清代王燕昌《王氏医存》[15]曰:“伏匿诸病,六淫、诸郁、饮食、瘀血、结痰、积气、蓄水、诸虫皆有之。”从而进一步拓展了伏邪概念的内涵。同时清代出现了论述伏邪的专著《温热逢源》,详细论述了伏气温病的病因病机及辨证论治的诸多问题,加深了对伏邪的阐述。, http://www.100md.com(胡秀清 黎鹏程 邓媛妮)