麻疹病毒PCR检验的措施和效果探讨(1)
[摘要] 目的 研究并探讨麻疹病毒的聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)检验措施及其检验效果。方法 方便选取2014年1月—2016年12月期间本疾控中心接到各辖区内上报的160例疑似麻疹病例作为研究对象，所有患者均采集咽拭子、血液标本送检，咽拭子采取PCR检验，血液标本采取ELISA法检验，比较两种方法对麻疹病毒的检测结果。结果 160例疑似麻疹病例中，经两种方法检测后排除23例风疹病毒阳性病例，剩余137例病例中，发病后4 d内，PCR检验对麻疹病毒的阳性检出率明显高于ELISA法检验(80.28% vs 60.56%，P<0.05)，而在发病4天后，PCR检验对麻疹病毒的阳性检出率与ELISA法检验比较差异无统计学意义(81.82% vs 78.79%，P>0.05)。ELISA法检验结果为阴性而PCR检验为阳性的病例中，其检测时间多分布于发病后1～4 d内。 结论 在麻疹病毒的病原学检测中，PCR检验可对早期麻疹患者进行诊断，还可对早期ELISA法诊断为阴性的患者进一步诊断，可有效减少漏诊，具有较高的辅助诊断价值。
[关键词] 麻疹病毒；PCR检验；ELISA；检验医学
[中图分类号] R440 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)05(b)-0029-03
[Abstract] Objective To research the measures and effect of measles virus PCR test. Methods Convenient selection 160 cases of patients suspected with measles virus reported to our center from January 2014 to December 2016 were selected and the throat swab of all patients was collected and the blood specimens were submitted and the throat swab adopted the PCR test and the blood specimens adopted the ELISA method for test， and the test results of the two methods for the measles virus was compared. Results Of the 160 cases of patients， 23 cases were excluded with measles virus positive cases after the two methods test， and the positive test rate of PCR test for the measles virus of the other 137 cases in 4 days after onset was obviously higher than that of ELISA method test， (80.28% vs 60.56%， P<0.05)， and the after four-day onset， and there was no statistical difference in the positive test rate of measles virus between the PCR test and ELISA method， (81.82% vs 78.79%，P>0.05)， but the test time was distributed in 1 to 4 days after onset for cases whose ELISA method test result was negative but PCR test result was positive. Conclusion In the etiology test of measles virus， the PCR test can diagnose the patients with early measles， but also can further diagnose the patients whose diagnosis result was negative by the early ELISA method， which can effectively reduce the missed diagnosis with higher adjunctive diagnosis value.
[Key words] Measles virus； PCR test； ELISA； Test medicine
麻疹病毒是导致急性病毒性呼吸系统感染的主要病原体，其临床表现以发热、出疹为主，具有较高的发病率和传染性，多发生于儿童人群，对儿童的身心健康较为不利[1-2]。对麻疹病毒予以早期检出，有利于及时采取干预措施，避免麻疹暴发，但由于麻疹病毒与风疹病毒较为相似，在早期诊断时容易混淆，故还需进一步对二者进行鉴别区分。聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)是一种新型的实验室检测技术，多被用于病原微生物核酸的快速检测中，该研究为探讨麻疹病毒的PCR检验措施及其检驗效果，方便收集2014年1月—2016年12月期间160例疑似麻疹病例的咽拭子、血液标本分别采取PCR法、ELISA法进行检测，并比较其对麻疹病毒的检测结果，现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该疾控中心接到各辖区内上报的160例疑似麻疹病例作为研究对象，其中，男性92例，女性68例，年龄分布于5～12岁，平均年龄为(8.75±3.16)岁，均出现发热、出疹症状，均在出疹14 d内送院就诊，且由医院将其病情上报至该本疾控中心。在接受检测前，所有病例均对检测方法和目的进行详细了解，积极配合咽拭子、血液标本采集。, 百拇医药(程玲 韦肖云)
[关键词] 麻疹病毒；PCR检验；ELISA；检验医学
[中图分类号] R440 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)05(b)-0029-03
[Abstract] Objective To research the measures and effect of measles virus PCR test. Methods Convenient selection 160 cases of patients suspected with measles virus reported to our center from January 2014 to December 2016 were selected and the throat swab of all patients was collected and the blood specimens were submitted and the throat swab adopted the PCR test and the blood specimens adopted the ELISA method for test， and the test results of the two methods for the measles virus was compared. Results Of the 160 cases of patients， 23 cases were excluded with measles virus positive cases after the two methods test， and the positive test rate of PCR test for the measles virus of the other 137 cases in 4 days after onset was obviously higher than that of ELISA method test， (80.28% vs 60.56%， P<0.05)， and the after four-day onset， and there was no statistical difference in the positive test rate of measles virus between the PCR test and ELISA method， (81.82% vs 78.79%，P>0.05)， but the test time was distributed in 1 to 4 days after onset for cases whose ELISA method test result was negative but PCR test result was positive. Conclusion In the etiology test of measles virus， the PCR test can diagnose the patients with early measles， but also can further diagnose the patients whose diagnosis result was negative by the early ELISA method， which can effectively reduce the missed diagnosis with higher adjunctive diagnosis value.
[Key words] Measles virus； PCR test； ELISA； Test medicine
麻疹病毒是导致急性病毒性呼吸系统感染的主要病原体，其临床表现以发热、出疹为主，具有较高的发病率和传染性，多发生于儿童人群，对儿童的身心健康较为不利[1-2]。对麻疹病毒予以早期检出，有利于及时采取干预措施，避免麻疹暴发，但由于麻疹病毒与风疹病毒较为相似，在早期诊断时容易混淆，故还需进一步对二者进行鉴别区分。聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction，PCR)是一种新型的实验室检测技术，多被用于病原微生物核酸的快速检测中，该研究为探讨麻疹病毒的PCR检验措施及其检驗效果，方便收集2014年1月—2016年12月期间160例疑似麻疹病例的咽拭子、血液标本分别采取PCR法、ELISA法进行检测，并比较其对麻疹病毒的检测结果，现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该疾控中心接到各辖区内上报的160例疑似麻疹病例作为研究对象，其中，男性92例，女性68例，年龄分布于5～12岁，平均年龄为(8.75±3.16)岁，均出现发热、出疹症状，均在出疹14 d内送院就诊，且由医院将其病情上报至该本疾控中心。在接受检测前，所有病例均对检测方法和目的进行详细了解，积极配合咽拭子、血液标本采集。, 百拇医药(程玲 韦肖云)