[摘要] 目的 提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并局限性气胸的诊断能力，降低误诊率。方法 对该院2013年7月—2016年12月慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并局限性气胸患者的临床资料进行回顾性总结及误诊原因的分析。结果 14例误诊为慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作，3例为肺栓塞，2例为心源性哮喘，1例心绞痛，2例为肺源性心脏病急性发作，1例为肺性脑病，误诊时间长度从2 h～5 d。结论 当慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者病情变化时，仔细的体格检查是非常重要的，胸部CT检查可减少误诊。

    [关键词] 慢性阻塞性肺疾病；局限性气胸；误诊

    [中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)11(a)-0081-04

    [Abstract] Objective To improve the diagnosis ability of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and localized pneumothorax and reduce the misdiagnosis rate. Methods The clinical data of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and localized pneumothorax admitted and treated in our hospital from July 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and the misdiagnosis causes were analyzed. Results 14 cases were misdiagnosed with acute onset of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases ......