徐建平,Heather Yoell

    (麦克马斯特大学生物学系，汉密尔顿，安大略,L8S 4K1,加拿大)

    甲真菌病概述及其诊断最新进展

    徐建平,Heather Yoell

    (麦克马斯特大学生物学系，汉密尔顿，安大略,L8S 4K1,加拿大)

    甲真菌病(Onychomycosis)是指真菌所致的指、趾甲感染，真菌包括皮肤癣菌、酵母菌及非皮肤癣菌的霉菌。甲真菌病虽然很少致命，但越来越成为重要的医疗问题，全球人口患病率约占5%。许多种真菌可引起甲真菌病，由于不同种类真菌的发病机制及对抗真菌药物敏感性的不同，治疗成功有赖于快速而准确的病原真菌诊断。因此，研究人员一直努力研究准确、快速而价廉的诊断技术，制药公司也在积极开发靶向抗真菌药物和高效的药物剂型。本文对甲真菌病进行简要概述，重点论述甲真菌病诊断的最新进展。

    甲感染；毛癣菌；假丝酵母菌；诊断；物种识别

    Funding:Research in my lab on medical fungi has been supported by McMaster University,Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation,and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

    1 Introduction

    Onychomycosis refers to any fungal infection that affects the toenails or the fingernails.The infection may involve any component of the nail,including the nailmatrix,nail bed,and nail plate.Because of the unique structure and development of the nails,their infections are difficult to treat and eradicate and often require long-term therapy.The overall prevalence of onychomycosis is about 5%but ranges from 2-13%among geographic populations[1,2].For example,in a survey of 15,000 patients in four different clinics in Ontario,Canada,approximately 17%of the patientshad nails which were abnormal in appearance,and 8%had mycological evidence of onychomycosis[2] ......