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兔子血液、滑膜、软骨及软骨下骨镉含量检测及相关性分析(1)
[摘要]目的 研究兔慢性饮水型镉中毒血液、滑膜、软骨及软骨下骨镉含量及其相关性。方法 28只新西兰大白兔，均为两个半月龄，雌雄各半，从雌性及雄性大白兔中各随机取1只，逐次抓取，将其分为对照组及实验组，每组14只，单笼喂养。对照组用正常饮用水喂养，实验组用40 mg/L氯化镉饮用水喂养。3个月后处死，采用原子吸收光谱法测定标本中镉的含量。结果 实验组兔子血液，滑膜、软骨及软骨下骨镉含量较对照组表达明显增高(P<0.05)，实验组关节软骨镉含量与软骨下骨、滑膜及血液中的镉含量成正相关(r=0.959，0.556，0.942;P<0.05)。结论 兔慢性饮水型镉中毒可导致镉在血液、滑膜、关节软骨及软骨下骨中蓄积，关节软骨中的镉来源于软骨下骨、滑膜及血液，但主要来源于软骨下骨，镉在上述组织中蓄积，最终可能会导致骨性关节炎发生。
[关键词]镉;中毒;软骨;骨关节炎;兔;膝
[中图分类号] R114 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)9(c)-0038-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the content and correlation of cadmium in blood， synovium， cartilage and subchondral bone of rabbits after drinking water with cadmium gradually. Methods Twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits (equal proportion of male to female) aged two and a half months old， were randomly selected from female and male groups alternatively. They were divided into control group and experimental group， 14 rabbits in each group. They were fed in every single cage. In the control group， rabbits were fed with normal drinking water， and in the experimental group， they were fed with water containing 40 mg/L cadmium chloride. After three months， all rabbits were sacrificed. The cadmium content in the specimens was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The cadmium content in the blood， synovium， cartilage and subchondral bone of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The cadmium content of the articular cartilage in the experimental group was positively correlated with the cadmium content in the subchondral bone， synovium and blood(r=0.959， 0.556， 0.942; P<0.05)， respectively. Conclusion Chronic poisoning of drinking water containing cadmium can cause cadmium accumulation in blood， synovium， articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Cadmium in articular cartilage is derived from subchondral bone， synovium， and blood， but mainly from subchondral bone. Cadmium accumulates in these tissues and may eventually lead to osteoarthritis.
[Key words] Cadmium; Poisoning; Cartilage; Osteoarthritis; Rabbit; Knee
鎘是一种有毒的重金属，具有很强的生物活性，镉在土壤及水中具有较强的化学活性，进入食物链后，若被人及动物摄入，会在体内蓄积，影响多种脏器功能。研究较多的是镉易在骨及肾脏大量蓄积导致骨质疏松及肾脏的损伤[1]，但镉是否易在关节软骨及滑膜等处蓄积，是否影响其功能，以及如何影响，目前研究较少，本研究通过饮水的方式使兔子染毒，然后测定兔子血液、滑膜、软骨及软骨下骨的镉含量，并对其相关性进行分析，现报道如下。
1材料与方法
1.1实验动物
健康新西兰大白兔28只，山西医科大学实验动物中心提供，均为2个半月龄，平均体重(1.38±0.18)kg，雌雄各半。
1.2实验方法
将28只新西兰大白兔随机分成两组，雌雄各半，每组14只。置于铁笼内，自由摄食及饮水，采用饮水染毒的方法，实验组用40 mg/L氯化镉饮用水喂养，对照组用正常饮用水喂养，其他条件相同。在染毒期间，每日观察并记录每组大白兔的饮水量，饲养3个月后用空气栓塞法处死，开胸后用10 ml注射器从左心室取全血5 ml，放入含抗凝剂的玻璃瓶中-70℃保存。完整剖取双膝关节(包括股骨远端及胫骨近端)全层软骨，剥取双膝关节内滑膜，取胫骨平台处部分软骨下骨，分别放入玻璃瓶中-70℃保存。用15 ml消解液(HNO3与HLO4按4∶1混合)与准确称量质量的标本相混合，完全消化后，用容量瓶定容至50 ml，然后取定容液2 ml，采用原子吸收光谱法测定标本中镉的含量。(马向辉 李明 郭磊)