长春市公共场所室内环境尼古丁浓度监测分析(1)
【摘要】 目的：监测长春市公共场所室内环境中尼古丁浓度，以分析室内环境烟草烟雾的污染情况，为全面开展控烟和卫生监管提供科学的依据。方法：采用被动式尼古丁采样器对各监测点的尼古丁浓度进行监测，随机在长春市五个城区，选择27个单位四类109个有代表性的公共场所开展监测。结果：尼古丁检出率为92.66%，其浓度中位数为0.495 μg/m3，浓度范围为0.000～13.001 μg/m3；不同类型公共场所尼古丁浓度差异有统计学意义(H=23.336，P<0.001)，宾馆检测到的尼古丁浓度中位数最高，其次是医疗机构；不同单位监测点中，尼古丁浓度男性卫生间均最高，中位数为1.372 μg/m3，不同单位空气中尼古丁浓度差异有统计学意义(H=46.977，P=0.001)；各单位中尼古丁浓度中位数范围为0.000～3.169 μg/m3，空气尼古丁浓度中位数超过0.5000 μg/m3的单位占44.4%。结论：宾馆、医疗机构尼古丁含量均较高；各单位男性卫生间、宾馆大厅及房间是尼古丁污染的重点场所。
【关键词】 公共场所； 室内环境； 烟草烟雾； 尼古丁
, http://www.100md.com
【Abstract】 Objective：To monitor the indoor nicotine concentration in public places of Changchun and analyze the indoor environmental pollution caused by tobacco smoke to provide scientific basis for comprehensive tobacco control and health supervision.Method：Using simple random sampling，109 monitoring points of 27 entities including four types of public places in five districts of Changchun and adopted passive sampler of vapor-phase nicotine to monitor the nicotine concentration.Result：The nicotine detection rate was 92.66%，the median concentration was 0.495 μg/m3，the range was 0.000-13.001 μg/m3.The differences of nicotine concentration in four different public places were statistical significance(H=23.336，P<0.001).The median nicotine concentration was the highest in hotels，followed by medical institutions.Among the monitoring points in different entities，the nicotine concentration was the highest in male toilets，with a median of 1.372 μg/m3.The differences of nicotine concentration in the air of different entities were statistical significance(H=46.977，P=0.001).The median nicotine concentration range was 0.000-3.169 μg/m3 in the entities，and 44.4% of the entities had the median exceeding 0.5000 μg/m3.Conclusion：The nicotine concentration is relatively high in hotels and medical institutions，male toilets of the entities，hotel lobbies and rooms constitute the key areas with nicotine contamination.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Public places； Indoor environment； Tobacco smoke； Nicotine
First-author’s address：Agency for Public Health Inspection of Health Bureau in Chaoyang District of Changchun City，Changchun 130021，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2015.35.032
环境烟草烟雾是室内空气重要污染源之一[1]，吸烟者造成的烟环境烟草烟雾(environmental tobacco smoke，ETS)危害日益引发社会关注，已被美国环保署和国际癌症研究署定为人类A类致癌物质，会导致肺部肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脑血管疾病等[2-6]。研究表明在我国2005-2010年间，环境烟草烟雾中重度暴露率未出现明显下降[7]，依然十分严重，2013年长春市烟草调查报告显示，长春市城区≥15岁成人现在吸烟率为23.5%，男性吸烟率为43.2%，48.9%的成人在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟，到过政府大楼的人中有32.1%暴露于二手烟[8]。当前大量的科学证据说明二手烟不存在安全暴露水平，只有完全无烟环境才能真正有效地保护不吸烟者的健康[9]。尼古丁是环境烟草烟雾的主要污染物之一，检测空气中尼古丁浓度是目前国内外评价公共场所室内ETS污染水平的方法之一，在反映ETS污染水平上具有高度特异性[10-11]。为了客观地反映长春市公共场所烟草烟雾的污染情况，为今后更好地评价控烟效果，2013年2月，课题组在长春市出台《长春市防止烟草烟雾危害办法》之前，对长春市27家单位进行了为期7 d的尼古丁浓度监测，现将结果报道如下。, 百拇医药(庄程 许兆瑞 章春宇 刘晓石)
【关键词】 公共场所； 室内环境； 烟草烟雾； 尼古丁
, http://www.100md.com
【Abstract】 Objective：To monitor the indoor nicotine concentration in public places of Changchun and analyze the indoor environmental pollution caused by tobacco smoke to provide scientific basis for comprehensive tobacco control and health supervision.Method：Using simple random sampling，109 monitoring points of 27 entities including four types of public places in five districts of Changchun and adopted passive sampler of vapor-phase nicotine to monitor the nicotine concentration.Result：The nicotine detection rate was 92.66%，the median concentration was 0.495 μg/m3，the range was 0.000-13.001 μg/m3.The differences of nicotine concentration in four different public places were statistical significance(H=23.336，P<0.001).The median nicotine concentration was the highest in hotels，followed by medical institutions.Among the monitoring points in different entities，the nicotine concentration was the highest in male toilets，with a median of 1.372 μg/m3.The differences of nicotine concentration in the air of different entities were statistical significance(H=46.977，P=0.001).The median nicotine concentration range was 0.000-3.169 μg/m3 in the entities，and 44.4% of the entities had the median exceeding 0.5000 μg/m3.Conclusion：The nicotine concentration is relatively high in hotels and medical institutions，male toilets of the entities，hotel lobbies and rooms constitute the key areas with nicotine contamination.
, 百拇医药
【Key words】 Public places； Indoor environment； Tobacco smoke； Nicotine
First-author’s address：Agency for Public Health Inspection of Health Bureau in Chaoyang District of Changchun City，Changchun 130021，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2015.35.032
环境烟草烟雾是室内空气重要污染源之一[1]，吸烟者造成的烟环境烟草烟雾(environmental tobacco smoke，ETS)危害日益引发社会关注，已被美国环保署和国际癌症研究署定为人类A类致癌物质，会导致肺部肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、心脑血管疾病等[2-6]。研究表明在我国2005-2010年间，环境烟草烟雾中重度暴露率未出现明显下降[7]，依然十分严重，2013年长春市烟草调查报告显示，长春市城区≥15岁成人现在吸烟率为23.5%，男性吸烟率为43.2%，48.9%的成人在室内工作场所暴露于二手烟，到过政府大楼的人中有32.1%暴露于二手烟[8]。当前大量的科学证据说明二手烟不存在安全暴露水平，只有完全无烟环境才能真正有效地保护不吸烟者的健康[9]。尼古丁是环境烟草烟雾的主要污染物之一，检测空气中尼古丁浓度是目前国内外评价公共场所室内ETS污染水平的方法之一，在反映ETS污染水平上具有高度特异性[10-11]。为了客观地反映长春市公共场所烟草烟雾的污染情况，为今后更好地评价控烟效果，2013年2月，课题组在长春市出台《长春市防止烟草烟雾危害办法》之前，对长春市27家单位进行了为期7 d的尼古丁浓度监测，现将结果报道如下。, 百拇医药(庄程 许兆瑞 章春宇 刘晓石)