二级医院儿科病房院内感染临床特征(1)
【摘要】 目的：分析某二级综合医院儿科病房出院患儿院内感染临床特点，探讨降低院内感染发生的对策。方法：回顾性分析2011年1月-2015年12月北京某二级综合医院儿科住院患儿1 892例的临床资料。结果：出院患儿1 892例中，发生医院感染48例，感染率为2.54%，其中2012年感染率最高为3.37%，并呈下降趋势，2015年感染率最低为2.00%；感染部位中以上、下呼吸道及口腔黏膜感染为主，共占79.17%(38/48)；随着抗生素使用种类数量增多，院内感染发生率增加，其中未使用抗生素院内感染发生率0.66%，3种及以上联用达7.14%；院内感染者住院天数、住院费、并发症发生率均高于无院内感染者，比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：预防与控制儿科院内感染，加强对感染患儿的有效预防及控制，合理应用抗生素，可有效地减少院内感染发生。
【关键词】 儿科； 院内感染因素； 对策
【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in pediatric respiratory ward discharged from Pediatric ward of secondary hospital，and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.Method：The clinical data of 1 892 hospitalized children in respiratory department of a tertiary specialized hospital in Beijing from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Result：Among 1 892 discharged children，48 cases of nosocomial infection occurred，the infection rate was 2.54%，of which the highest infection rate in 2012 was 3.37%，and a downward trend，and the lowest infection rate in 2015 was 2.00%.The infection sites were mainly upper respiratory tract，lower respiratory tract and oral mucosa，accounting for 79.17%(38/48).With the increase of the number of antibiotics，the incidence of nosocomial infection increased，and no antibiotics were used in hospital was 0.66%，Three or more combinations antibiotics were used up to 7.14%.The hospitalization days，hospitalization expenses and incidence of complications of nosocomial infection patients were higher than those of without nosocomial infection，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion：Prevention and control of nosocomial infection，effective prevention and control of infected children，and rational application of antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.
【Key words】 Pediatrics； Nosocomial infection factors； Countermeasures
First-author’s address：Beijing Yanqing District Hospital，Beijing 102100，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.24.033
醫院内感染已成为全世界面临的公共卫生问题，世界卫生组织(WHO)在14个国家55所医院开展的现患率调查结果显示，在东地中海和东南亚区域的医院感染发生率分别为11.8%和10.0%，我国2003年的全国医院感染监测网现患率调查显示，医院感染现患率为5.22%[1]，普通病房院内感染率为9.6%[2]，儿科病房由于患者年龄小、特异性和非特异性免疫功能不成熟、抵抗力差等原因，决定了儿科病房的患儿均为易感人群，研究发现，国内儿科院内感染率为4.1%[3]，国外为11.4%[4]。为全面了解儿科医院感染情况，以制定更合理有效的防控措施，对北京某二级综合医院儿科病房2011年1月-2015年12月住院患儿1 892例中医院感染48例的监测资料进行回顾性分析，现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 回顾性分析2011年1月-2015年12月北京某二级综合医院儿科病房住院患儿的临床资料，统计发生院内感染的患儿情况并分析其病例临床资料。, 百拇医药(周永红)
【关键词】 儿科； 院内感染因素； 对策
【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in pediatric respiratory ward discharged from Pediatric ward of secondary hospital，and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.Method：The clinical data of 1 892 hospitalized children in respiratory department of a tertiary specialized hospital in Beijing from January 2011 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Result：Among 1 892 discharged children，48 cases of nosocomial infection occurred，the infection rate was 2.54%，of which the highest infection rate in 2012 was 3.37%，and a downward trend，and the lowest infection rate in 2015 was 2.00%.The infection sites were mainly upper respiratory tract，lower respiratory tract and oral mucosa，accounting for 79.17%(38/48).With the increase of the number of antibiotics，the incidence of nosocomial infection increased，and no antibiotics were used in hospital was 0.66%，Three or more combinations antibiotics were used up to 7.14%.The hospitalization days，hospitalization expenses and incidence of complications of nosocomial infection patients were higher than those of without nosocomial infection，the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion：Prevention and control of nosocomial infection，effective prevention and control of infected children，and rational application of antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.
【Key words】 Pediatrics； Nosocomial infection factors； Countermeasures
First-author’s address：Beijing Yanqing District Hospital，Beijing 102100，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.24.033
醫院内感染已成为全世界面临的公共卫生问题，世界卫生组织(WHO)在14个国家55所医院开展的现患率调查结果显示，在东地中海和东南亚区域的医院感染发生率分别为11.8%和10.0%，我国2003年的全国医院感染监测网现患率调查显示，医院感染现患率为5.22%[1]，普通病房院内感染率为9.6%[2]，儿科病房由于患者年龄小、特异性和非特异性免疫功能不成熟、抵抗力差等原因，决定了儿科病房的患儿均为易感人群，研究发现，国内儿科院内感染率为4.1%[3]，国外为11.4%[4]。为全面了解儿科医院感染情况，以制定更合理有效的防控措施，对北京某二级综合医院儿科病房2011年1月-2015年12月住院患儿1 892例中医院感染48例的监测资料进行回顾性分析，现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 回顾性分析2011年1月-2015年12月北京某二级综合医院儿科病房住院患儿的临床资料，统计发生院内感染的患儿情况并分析其病例临床资料。, 百拇医药(周永红)