晚期膀胱癌免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的研究进展(5)
[22] Bellmunt J，De W R，Vaughn D，et al.Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma[J].New England Journal of Medicine，2017，376(11)：1015-1026.
[23] Sharma P，Callahan M K，Bono P，et al.Nivolumab monotherapy in recurrent metastatic urothelial carcinoma (CheckMate 032)： a multicentre， open-label， two-stage， multi-arm， phase 1/2 trial[J].The Lancet Oncology，201617(11)：1590-1598
[24] Sharma P，Retz M，Siefker-Radtke A，et al.Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275)： a multicentre， single-arm， phase 2 trial[J].The Lancet Oncology，2017，18(3)：312-322.
[25] Hussain S A，Birtle A，Crabb S，et al.From Clinical Trials to Real-life Clinical Practice： The Role of Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma[J].European Urology Oncology，2018，1(6)：486-500.
[26] Carthon B C，Wolchok J D，Yuan J，et al.Pre-operative CTLA-4 blockade： tolerability and immune monitoring in the setting of a pre-surgical clinical trial[J].Clinical Cancer Research，2010，16(10)：2861-2871.
[27] Zamarin D，Postow M A.Immune checkpoint modulation： Rational design of combination strategies[J].Pharmacology & Therapeutics，2015，150：23-32.
[28] Carosella E D，Ploussard G，Lemaoult J，et al.A Systematic Review of Immunotherapy in Urologic Cancer： Evolving Roles for Targeting of CTLA-4， PD-1/PD-L1， and HLA-G[J].European Urology，2015，68(2)：267-279.
(收稿日期：2019-09-29) (本文編辑：周亚杰), 百拇医药(郑立传 康郑军 张英豪 徐文博)
[23] Sharma P，Callahan M K，Bono P，et al.Nivolumab monotherapy in recurrent metastatic urothelial carcinoma (CheckMate 032)： a multicentre， open-label， two-stage， multi-arm， phase 1/2 trial[J].The Lancet Oncology，201617(11)：1590-1598
[24] Sharma P，Retz M，Siefker-Radtke A，et al.Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275)： a multicentre， single-arm， phase 2 trial[J].The Lancet Oncology，2017，18(3)：312-322.
[25] Hussain S A，Birtle A，Crabb S，et al.From Clinical Trials to Real-life Clinical Practice： The Role of Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma[J].European Urology Oncology，2018，1(6)：486-500.
[26] Carthon B C，Wolchok J D，Yuan J，et al.Pre-operative CTLA-4 blockade： tolerability and immune monitoring in the setting of a pre-surgical clinical trial[J].Clinical Cancer Research，2010，16(10)：2861-2871.
[27] Zamarin D，Postow M A.Immune checkpoint modulation： Rational design of combination strategies[J].Pharmacology & Therapeutics，2015，150：23-32.
[28] Carosella E D，Ploussard G，Lemaoult J，et al.A Systematic Review of Immunotherapy in Urologic Cancer： Evolving Roles for Targeting of CTLA-4， PD-1/PD-L1， and HLA-G[J].European Urology，2015，68(2)：267-279.
(收稿日期：2019-09-29) (本文編辑：周亚杰), 百拇医药(郑立传 康郑军 张英豪 徐文博)