杨学平 何茹

    【摘要】 耳鸣(tinnitus)是最常见的听力障碍之一，与其发生有关的危险因素广泛。耳鸣可能以多种方式对一个人产生影响，心理方面的影响通常是最明显、最深刻的。耳鸣可以影响人的情绪和睡眠状态，耳鸣患者易出现抑郁焦虑及失眠症状，导致生活质量下降。同时，抑郁焦虑等也是耳鸣发病的危险因素之一，能给患者带来严重的不良后果。而目前的现状是往往低估和忽视了抑郁焦虑等对预后不良的作用，这可能导致不正确的治疗方法或治疗启动的延迟。所以，建议在临床工作中应进行抑郁焦虑的筛查及睡眠情况的监测，以便及时予以干预和治疗。而耳鸣与异常心理状态关联密切的原因，研究证实可能与大脑形态结构的变化、人格特征及药物应用等有关。对于耳鸣和心理障碍的治疗方面，目前除了药物治疗外，佩戴助听器或耳鸣控制仪器的声学疗法及物理治疗、心理治疗，都是目前应用较多并被研究证实有效的治疗方法，但将来仍需要进一步的研究探讨及确定有效性和具体模式。

    【关键词】 耳鸣 心理状态 治疗

    [Abstract] Tinnitus is one of the most common hearing impairments and a lot of risk factors are associated with it. Tinnitus can affect a person in many ways， and the psychological effects are often the most obvious and profound. Tinnitus can affect peoples mood and sleep state， and tinnitus patients are prone to have depression， anxiety and insomnia symptoms， a decline in quality of life. Depression and anxiety are also one of the risk factors for tinnitus， leading to serious adverse consequences for patients. Now the adverse effects of depression and anxiety on prognosis is often underestimated and ignored， which can lead to incorrect treatment or delay in the initiation of treatment. Therefore ......