【摘要】 目的：探究2岁以下呼吸道感染患儿肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌携带检出率及耐药性。方法：回顾性选取宜春市人民医院检验科2023年1—12月检验的2岁以下呼吸道感染患儿，分析患儿痰液细菌培养结果，比较分析肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌检出特点及对抗菌药物的耐药性。结果：1 083例呼吸道感染患儿共检出病原菌1 270株，其中革兰阴性菌占比76.54%，主要为流感嗜血杆菌，占比32.36%；革兰阳性菌占比23.07%，包括肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌，分别占比17.87%、1.81%；真菌占比0.39%，主要为白色念珠菌和曲霉菌；流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林和阿奇霉素的耐药性较高，对美罗培南、头孢曲松、氨卞西林-舒巴坦耐药性较低；肺炎链球菌耐药主要集中在克林霉素、红霉素、四环素、复方磺胺甲噁唑，对莫西沙星的耐药性较低。结论：肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌是2岁以下呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道标本中发现的主要病原体，对抗生素具有较高的耐药性，在临床治疗时需根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物。

    【关键词】 呼吸道感染 肺炎链球菌 流感嗜血杆菌 耐药性

    Analysis of Detection Rates and Drug Resistances of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Haemophilus Influenzae in Children under 2 Years Old with Respiratory Tract Infection/XU Chunmei， ZHU Yougen， LEI Meng， XU Rong. //Medical Innovation of China， 2024， 21(34)： -157

    [Abstract] Objective： To explore the detection rates and drug resistances of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in children under 2 years old with respiratory tract infection. Method： A retrospective analysis was performed on children with respiratory tract infection under 2 years old in Department of Clinical Laboratory of Yichun People's Hospital from January to December 2023. The results of sputum bacterial culture were analyzed. The detection characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and their drug resistances to antibacterial drugs were compared and analyzed. Result： A total of 1 ......