Progress in the Application of Commonly Used Clinical Scales for Functional Constipation with Anxiety and Depression/CHEN Xingrui， ZHANG Dan.//Medical Innovation of China，2025，22(18)： 168-173

    [Abstract]Functional constipation (FC) is a type of constipation excluding those caused by organic lesions. Clinicall，the mainsymptoms are difficult defecation，dryand harddefecation，and reduced frequency.FCoften leads to emotional disorders in clinical practice，manifested asanxietyand depresson.Clinically，thediagnosis of FC accompanied by anxiety and depression and the judgment of clinical eficacy mostlyrelyon various related scales，butthere isalackofspecific criteria for the selection ofscales.Inthe useofscales，there are problems such as insuficient understanding of the structure and contentof the scales，applicable populations，etc.，and inconsistent standards for theuse of scales.Inorder to integrate the focuses of various scales，select the best scale based on specific circumstances，and comprehensively evaluate the status of patients with FC accompanied by anxiety and depression，this article sorts out the evaluation scales ofFC and anxietyand depression ......