术前口服碳水化合物溶液在特殊人群中应用的研究进展
刘丹 程锐铌 华震[摘要]缩短术前禁食禁饮时间可明显缓解患者口渴、饥饿、烦躁等不良反应,是加速康复外科(ERAS)临床实践指南的重要组成部分。术前口服适量碳水化合物溶液(POC)作为缩短禁食禁饮时间的推荐措施,可显著改善患者胰岛素抵抗,减轻手术应激反应,减少术后并发症,目前已在临床中逐步应用。既往研究表明,术前2 h 在择期且无胃肠功能障碍患者中实施 POC 是安全可行的,但对于糖尿病、妊娠、肥胖、老年、肝硬化人群,因胃排空可能出现延迟,反流误吸风险增加,临床实施尚未达成统一共识。本文总结近年来相关研究,论述特殊患者在禁食禁饮后、应用 POC 后的胃容量变化,总结 POC 对患者代谢方面等影响,探究特殊人群临床应用 POC 的安全性和可行性,为今后 POC 的临床推广提供理论支持。
[关键词]碳水化合物;胃排空;糖尿病;妊娠;肥胖
[中图分类号] R614? [文献标识码] A? [文章编号]2095-0616(2022)07-0048-05
Advances in the study on the application of preoperative oral carbohydrate in special populations
LIU? Dan? CHENG? Ruini? HUA? Zhen
1. Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
[Abstract] Shortening the duration of preoperative fasting and drinking forbiddance can significantly alleviate adverse reactions such as thirst, hunger, and irritability, and it is an important part of the clinical practice guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) at a moderate volume, as a recommended measure to shorten the duration of fasting and drinking forbiddance ......
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