“蚀肬”的本草名物简考

    张秀平,王育林*,李曌华

    (北京中医药大学，北京 100029)

    摘要：古代文献中“蚀肬”既是桑螵蛸的异名，又是螳螂的异名，但桑螵蛸与螳螂是两种药品。文章根据《千金翼方》资料，结合古代辞书、文献及药物学著作中的内容，从本草名物训诂角度对“蚀肬”进行考释。结论为：“蚀肬”“食肬”“龁肬(疣)”三者义同，互为同物异名关系，均可指螳螂；“蚀肬”最初应仅为螳螂或桑螵蛸一方的异名, 后又混用为另一方的异名，至《本草纲目》始对二者有所区分；“蚀肬”得名于其能治疗恶疮疔肿一类的病症，对李时珍认为“‘蚀肬’，生者能蚀疣目”的说法提出质疑。

    关键词：蚀肬;桑螵蛸;螳螂

    DOI:10.13463/j.cnki.cczyy.2015.06.076

    中图分类号：R2-52文献标志码：A

    文章编号：2095-6258(2015)06-1307-03

    基金项目：国家社会科学基金课题“汉语医学名物词研究”(11BYY068)。

    作者简介：张秀平(1987-)，女，硕士研究生，主要从事《千金翼方》中药名词研究。

    收稿日期:(2015-03-20)

    *通信作者：王育林，男，博士，教授，博士研究生导师，电子信箱-zxpjiayou-2012@163.com

    “Corrosion warts” materia medica meibutsu

    ZHANG Xiuping, WANG Yulin, LI Zhaohua

    (Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China)

    Abstract：Based on “Qian Jin Yi Fang”, this article gives an explanation of Shiyou(corrosion warts) through the perspective of Chinese materia medica exegetics with the reference of ancient dictionaries, articles and medical works. The conclusion is that Shiyou(eroding warts), Shiyou(biting warts) and Heyou(swallowing warts) are synonyms and they three can all refer to mantis. Shiyou(corrosion warts) originally only referred to mantis or Sangpiaoxiao, but later it expanded to both mantis and Sangpiaoxiao. It is in the Compendium of Materia Medica that mantis and Sangpiaoxiao are clearly distinguished from each other. The name Shiyou (corrosion warts) came from its function in treating symptoms like malignant sores, furuncles and lumps, and this article doesn’t agree with Li Shizhen’s saying about it “live mantis can erode warts”. ......