Use of clomifene during early pregnancy and risk of hypospadias: popul
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《英国医生杂志》
1 Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, 2 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Correspondence to: H T S?rensen hts@soci.au.dk
Introduction
Clomifene was not associated with any increased risk of hypospadias. Several factors should be taken into account when interpreting this study. The full and independent registration of births, birth outcome, and prescriptions prevented selection bias and some types of information bias as this study was based on routinely recorded data. Any non-compliance with the use of clomifene, however, might bias the estimates of risk towards the null.
This article was posted on bmj.com on 21 December 2004: http://bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.38326.606979.79
Contributors: HTS developed the idea and designed the study together with LP and MVS. LP, MVS, MN, and BN collected and validated the data. LP, MVS, and HTS analysed the data. HTS wrote the first draft. EEH, LP, MVS, MN, and BN critically revised the paper. HTS is guarantor.
Funding: Western Danish Research Forum for Health Sciences.
Competing interests: None declared.
References
Furr BJ, Woodburn JR. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues: a review of biological properties and clinical uses. J Endocrinol Invest 1988;11: 535-57.
Strohsnitter WC, Noller KL, Hoover RN, Robboy SJ, Palmer JR, Titus-Ernstoff L, et al. Cancer risk in men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93: 545-51.
Wilcox AJ, Baird DD, Weinberg CR, Hornsby PP, Herbst AL. Fertility in men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol. N Engl J Med 1995;332: 1411-6.
Klip H, Verloop J, van Gool JD, Koster ME, Burger CW, van Leeuwen FE, OMEGA Project Group. Hypospadias in sons of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;359: 1102-7.
Geier A, Lunenfeld B, Pariente C, Kotev-Emeth S, Shadmi A, Kokia E, et al. Estrogen receptor binding material in blood of patients after clomiphene citrate administration: determination by a radioreceptor assay. Fertil Steril 1987;47: 778-84.(Henrik Toft S?rensen, professor1, Lars P)
Correspondence to: H T S?rensen hts@soci.au.dk
Introduction
Clomifene was not associated with any increased risk of hypospadias. Several factors should be taken into account when interpreting this study. The full and independent registration of births, birth outcome, and prescriptions prevented selection bias and some types of information bias as this study was based on routinely recorded data. Any non-compliance with the use of clomifene, however, might bias the estimates of risk towards the null.
This article was posted on bmj.com on 21 December 2004: http://bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/bmj.38326.606979.79
Contributors: HTS developed the idea and designed the study together with LP and MVS. LP, MVS, MN, and BN collected and validated the data. LP, MVS, and HTS analysed the data. HTS wrote the first draft. EEH, LP, MVS, MN, and BN critically revised the paper. HTS is guarantor.
Funding: Western Danish Research Forum for Health Sciences.
Competing interests: None declared.
References
Furr BJ, Woodburn JR. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues: a review of biological properties and clinical uses. J Endocrinol Invest 1988;11: 535-57.
Strohsnitter WC, Noller KL, Hoover RN, Robboy SJ, Palmer JR, Titus-Ernstoff L, et al. Cancer risk in men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93: 545-51.
Wilcox AJ, Baird DD, Weinberg CR, Hornsby PP, Herbst AL. Fertility in men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol. N Engl J Med 1995;332: 1411-6.
Klip H, Verloop J, van Gool JD, Koster ME, Burger CW, van Leeuwen FE, OMEGA Project Group. Hypospadias in sons of women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;359: 1102-7.
Geier A, Lunenfeld B, Pariente C, Kotev-Emeth S, Shadmi A, Kokia E, et al. Estrogen receptor binding material in blood of patients after clomiphene citrate administration: determination by a radioreceptor assay. Fertil Steril 1987;47: 778-84.(Henrik Toft S?rensen, professor1, Lars P)